Astm D95 | Pdf

ASTM D95 is the standardized test method for determining water content in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method. Officially titled "Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation," it is one of the most referenced methods in crude oil, fuel, and asphalt testing.

Unlike Karl Fischer titration (ASTM D6304), which measures trace water, ASTM D95 is designed for higher water concentrations, typically ranging from 0.1% to 25% by volume.

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A known mass (or volume, with density correction) of the test specimen is charged into a distillation flask with a measured amount of toluene-alcohol (or other azeotropic solvent specified) mixture. The solvent forms an azeotrope with water and carries it over during distillation. The vapor is condensed, and the condensate separates into an aqueous layer and an organic layer or miscible phase depending on solvent chosen. The aqueous layer is separated and either measured directly (by graduated receiver) or collected and weighed to determine the amount of water removed. The percent water is calculated from the mass of water and the original sample mass.

A: No. It measures free water and emulsified water. Dissolved water (below the saturation point) is not detected. For that, use Karl Fischer titration. ASTM D95 is the standardized test method for

[ \textWater content (vol%) = \fracV_wV_s \times 100 ]

ASTM D95 – Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation To perform the test according to the official

To perform the test according to the official standard, you need:

The apparatus required for ASTM D95 is distinct and specialized, typically consisting of: