Hnds-039 Pies 100 People 2015 Full 32

Preparations for the event began months in advance. The team of bakers worked tirelessly to perfect their recipes, experimenting with a variety of fillings from classic apple and pumpkin to more adventurous options like chocolate and cherry.

Volunteers from the community stepped forward to help with the baking, making dough from scratch, and preparing the fillings. It was a labor of love that brought everyone involved closer together. HNDS-039 Pies 100 people 2015 full 32

| Limitation | Impact | |------------|--------| | Sample size (N = 100) | Limits generalizability; results should be interpreted as indicative rather than definitive. | | Self‑report bias | Participants may over‑report consumption due to social desirability. | | Cross‑sectional design | No causal inference; longitudinal follow‑up required to track trends over time. | | Summer data collection | Seasonal bias; may under‑represent winter/holiday consumption patterns. | Preparations for the event began months in advance

Future research should aim for a larger, stratified sample and incorporate objective purchase data (e.g., point‑of‑sale scanner information) to validate self‑reports. | Predictor | β (Standardized) | p‑value |

| Predictor | β (Standardized) | p‑value | |-----------|------------------|---------| | Age (younger) | +0.22 | 0.018 | | Income (higher) | +0.18 | 0.045 | | Nostalgia score | +0.31 | <0.001 | | Health perception (more “unhealthy”) | –0.15 | 0.082 (ns) | | Preference for home‑baked | +0.27 | 0.003 | | Region (South) | +0.12 | 0.121 (ns) |

The model explains 38 % of the variance (Adjusted R² = 0.38), underscoring the importance of emotional attachment and preparation method over purely demographic factors.

| Component | Description | |-----------|-------------| | Design | Cross‑sectional, self‑administered online questionnaire. | | Sample | 100 adults (≥ 18 y) recruited via a market‑research panel; quota‑sampled to reflect U.S. census distributions for age, gender, region, and ethnicity. | | Data Collection Period | June 1 – August 31, 2015 (summer “off‑season” for pumpkin pie). | | Survey Length | 18 minutes; 120 items. | | Variables | 32 total, grouped into 5 domains: Demographics (5), Consumption Frequency (6), Preference & Taste (7), Purchasing Behavior (8), Psychosocial Attitudes (6). | | Statistical Treatment | Descriptive statistics (means, medians, frequencies); chi‑square tests for categorical associations; multiple regression to model “pie consumption frequency” as a function of demographic and attitudinal predictors. | | Ethics | Institutional Review Board (IRB) exemption granted; informed consent obtained electronically; data anonymized. |