Edit default.prop in boot.img:

ro.product.device=rk312x
ro.build.fingerprint=Rockchip/rk312x

For a long time, RK3128 users were stuck on Android 4.4 or 5.1, both of which are obsolete and incompatible with many modern apps (Netflix, banking apps, and modern web browsers). The release of Android 9.0 custom firmware offers several advantages:

Windows (RK Batch Tool):

Linux/macOS (rkdeveloptool/rkflashtool):

Android 9.0 Go Edition is optimized for 1GB RAM. To convert your portable firmware:

Solution: The portable firmware conflicts with your RAM type. Re-flash, but before clicking "Upgrade", uncheck "Userdata" and "Cache" in the partition list. Flash only "Boot" and "System".

The RK3128 system-on-a-chip (SoC), manufactured by Rockchip, has been a staple in the entry-level electronics market for years. Originally designed for Android 4.4 (KitKat) and later Android 5.1 (Lollipop), the release of Android 9.0 (Pie) firmware for this aging hardware has extended the lifespan of various portable devices, including handheld game consoles, car head units, and budget tablets.

This write-up explores the context, performance, and installation process of Android 9.0 on RK3128 portable devices.