The failure generally stems from three domains: Driver Configuration, Hardware State, or Physical Connection.

Windows 10 and 11 are notorious for automatically installing incorrect Rockchip drivers. Even if you think you installed them, Windows often overwrites them silently.

Virtual machines (VirtualBox, VMware) often capture Rockchip devices before the host OS sees them.
Fix: Attach the device to the host, not the guest. Or use a native Linux boot.

This is the most prevalent cause. RKDevTool does not use standard Mass Storage drivers; it requires the Rockusb Driver.

RKDevTool is a Windows-based utility used for downloading firmware images (often in .img or .update.img formats) to Rockchip-based hardware, such as tablets, Single Board Computers (SBCs) like Orange Pi and Radxa Rock, and IoT devices. The tool communicates with the device via USB while the device is in a specific state—usually "Mask ROM" (Maskrom) mode or "Loader" mode.

A failure to detect the device, indicated by the "No Devices Found" prompt at the bottom of the UI, is a frequent bottleneck in the production and development lifecycle. This failure effectively halts firmware updates, recovery, or OS installation.