Director of Photography Ben Davis (a frequent McDonagh collaborator) shoots Ebbing, Missouri as both beautiful and desolate. The billboards stand against rolling green hills and endless blue skies—nature indifferent to human suffering. The score by Carter Burwell is melancholic, sparse, and occasionally whimsical. But the film’s most striking musical moment is the use of Ironside (Theme from ‘Ironside’) by Quincy Jones during Mildred’s billboard-raising montage. It turns her act of civil disobedience into a superhero origin story.
If you are writing a paper or analyzing this film, these are the primary academic angles:
Three Billboards was a frontrunner for the 90th Academy Awards. It won 4 Golden Globes (including Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Actress – Drama for McDormand). However, the #MeToo movement and the backlash against its racial politics caused a late surge in support for The Shape of Water.
Final Oscar tally for Three Billboards:
It lost Best Picture to The Shape of Water. McDonagh lost Best Director to Guillermo del Toro. The film lost Best Original Screenplay to Get Out (Jordan Peele). Many saw this as a repudiation of the film’s moral ambiguity in favor of more politically clear narratives.
The film opens on a haunting image: Mildred Hayes (Frances McDormand), a hardened, chain-smoking divorcée, drives past three derelict billboards on a forgotten road outside the fictional town of Ebbing, Missouri. Her daughter, Angela, was raped and murdered seven months earlier. The local police, led by beloved but ailing Chief Bill Willoughby (Woody Harrelson), has made no arrests.
Desperate to reignite the investigation, Mildred rents the three billboards for a month. They bear three stark messages: threebillboardsoutsideebbingmissouri2017u
The billboards become a public spectacle. The town is divided. Chief Willoughby, who is dying of pancreatic cancer, feels publicly humiliated. His subordinate, Officer Jason Dixon (Sam Rockwell), is a racist, dim-witted, and violently impulsive mother’s boy who immediately targets Mildred as an enemy.
What follows is a spiral of violence: Dixon arrests Mildred’s friend; someone throws a milkshake at Mildred’s car; Mildred retaliates by hurling a Molotov cocktail at the police station while Dixon is inside (unaware of his presence). In a shocking turn, Willoughby commits suicide to spare his family from watching him deteriorate, leaving behind three letters – one for his wife, one for Mildred (explaining he couldn’t solve the case but respects her fight), and one for Dixon (urging him to become a better cop by learning to love rather than hate).
The third act pivots when a stranger casually admits to raping and murdering a woman in a neighboring county – a crime identical to Angela’s. The man is a military officer with an airtight alibi for Angela’s death, but he is clearly a serial rapist. Dixon and Mildred, former enemies, decide to drive to Idaho to kill him, leaving the question of their moral redemption deliberately unresolved. Director of Photography Ben Davis (a frequent McDonagh
Despite its awards, the film drew sharp criticism. Many argued that Dixon’s redemption arc is undeserved and racially insensitive. The film largely ignores the perspectives of its Black characters (the town’s new chief, Abercrombie, is a decent man but sidelined). Critics from The Guardian and Slate called it “morally repugnant” for suggesting a racist cop can be redeemed after simply reading a letter.
McDonagh defended the film as a “dark comedy” about people’s capacity for change. He noted that Dixon does not become a saint – he merely stops being a monster.
Grief as violence: The film argues that unresolved trauma does not heal peacefully; it metastasizes. Mildred’s crusade destroys the billboard owner’s business, her own sanity, and nearly kills Dixon. It lost Best Picture to The Shape of Water
The failure of institutions: Ebbing’s police force is incompetent at best, corrupt at worst. The film was released in 2017, amid Black Lives Matter protests and debates over police accountability. McDonagh, an Irish playwright, uses the American Midwest as a stage for universal questions about authority.
Forgiveness vs. vengeance: The final scene is a masterpiece of ambiguity. Mildred and Dixon drive toward murder, both admitting, “We can decide along the way.” McDonagh refuses a cathartic ending. Do they kill the rapist? Turn back? Find peace? The audience is left hanging because that’s where real life hangs.